Assignent Solutionnurs

? The article you will be discussing in this essay is:
Phelps, E.A., Ling, S. & Carrasco, M. (2006). Emotion facilitates perception and potentiates the perceptual benefits of attention. Psychological Science, 17, 292–29
No Abstract part Please.
On average I use around 4-6 other references, minor or major, and always ones found in Google Scholar.
1. Briefly describe how the authors manipulated attention and emotion, and what effect these manipulations had on contrast sensitivity. Aim for less or around 300 words for this part.
•What was the hypothesis?
•What did they manipulate?
•What did they measure?
•What control conditions did they include, to rule out alternative explanations?
•What did the results show, and did they confirm the hypothesis?
2. How well does the evidence support the authors’ claim that “emotion affects how people see”?
Some examples of questions to ask (when critiquing any paper) (Just guidance, no need to strictly answer all these questions if some aren’t relevant or there is no space):
•Is it clear why they did these experiments?
•Does the thing they manipulated in the experiment capture the essence of the concept they are interested in?
•Do they make a clear prediction about the results?
•How big/convincing are the effects?
•Have they simplified or altered the data?
•Do they report all the measures and conditions they collected in the experiment?
•Are there other explanations for their results besides the one they are stating?
•Do the conclusions follow from the results? Or are they glossing over inconsistencies and over-stating the implications?
•Do you think if someone else ran the same experiment they would get the same result? (i.e. do they have enough power?)
3. Discuss what the results contribute to our understanding of how emotion and attention interact, making use of the models and theories we have discussed in this class.
This should be the main part of your essay. Some examples of questions to think about:
•Which models of attention can you apply to these results to make sense of them? (filter, biased competition, spotlight, FIT…)?
•Which aspects of attention are relevant here (limited capacity, modulation, etc…?)
•Are these cues endogenous or exogenous? (A related question, do these cues operate through the dorsal or ventral attentional network?)
•To what extent can facial expressions of emotion be classified as a pre-attentive feature?
•Does extraction of emotion information depend on attention?
* What we have discussed in class in relation to the last part:
Limited Capacity: How much can we process? What are the limits of attention?
Selection: What determines what is selected? How do stimuli compete for our attention? (Can select one ear, but can’t select one message)
Modulation: What is the effect of attention? How does it change the information we are processing?
Vigilance: How do we maintain attention, and suppress distraction from irrelevant information?
Overt: Observable by others. Accompanied by head or eye movement.
Covert: Not directly observable by others; “out of the corner of one’s eye”
Endogenous: controlled or modulated by internal goals.
AKA top-down, voluntary
Exogenous: controlled or modulated by external events.
AKA bottom-up, reflexive, involuntary
Also: selective attention, sustained attention, cross-modal attention, spatial attention, object-based attention
&
Broadbent’s Selective Filter Theory (1958)
Biased competition model of Desimone and Duncan (1995
Posner’s Spotlight Model
Treisman’s “GLUE” (Feature Integration Theory)
The “Guided Search” Model
There aren’t many words, but these are pretty much all the things we could mention if relevant.
Thank you for your time.