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itle: young/adolescent Indigenous Australians (Aboriginal and Torres strait Islander Peoples) and their experiences of the criminal justice system This essay is about looking broader and more deeply into the deep social, historical, and political causes of disadvantage for indigenous Australians. It is about examining and working across difference and human rights abuses in relation to indigenous Australians. Ultimately in this essay we want to be able to think about indigenous Australians diverse and their experiences and think about ways of working with diversity. PLEASE NOTE (It is widely recognised that many of the contemporary issues facing Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are determined by historical and ongoing human rights abuses and oppression associated with historical and ongoing colonisation by external forces.) It is important to note that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples face a number of issues in Australia – such as systematic and institutionalised racism, high suicide rates, mental health issues, chronic disease, incarceration, poverty, substance abuse, child removal, poor Western education outcomes, loss of connection to culture and country, and violence. The word count is too small to focus on all the contemporary issues facing Aboriginal and Torres strait islander peoples. Thus I think it is really important to narrow the topic down and focus on young/adolescent Aboriginal and Torres strait Islander Peoples and their experiences of the criminal justice system focus to narrow the topic So I want you to focus on building your understanding of a diverse group of people and then think about how to work with Aboriginal and Torres strait islander peoples who are incarcerated and how we can be allies to bring about inclusion. The essay should cover the following: Section 1 1. Demographics and key features of the particular group Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples in Australian society 2. Historical and current day perspectives, policies and practices affecting this group. In this section discuss history and acknowledge that there are lots of other relevant issues (eg stolen generation, poor health etc) but that you are narrowing down to a specific topic only (young/adolescent Aboriginal and Torres strait Islander Peoples and their experiences of the criminal justice system)and thus will not be considering the broader issues. Then the historical issues you would talk about colonisation and its impact, what has happened eg the Royal commission’s report into “Aboriginal Deaths in custody” (1987) 3. You would discuss rates of arrest, incarceration etc and identify who is going into prison and why and what are the outcomes ie suicide rates and possible mental illness. 4. contemporary issues would be ongoing high levels of incarceration and death, impacts on education and families; what is being done in this space – ie Murri courts, early intervention strategies. 5. Cultural considerations would be the adverse impact of separation from community, family and land, you could also talk about culturally appropriate ways of responding to criminal behaviour and community responses. Section 2: working across difference Contemporary issues faced by Indigenous Australians and some of the complexities and rewards of developing human rights based, anti-oppressive, strength based ways of working with Indigenous families and communities. Try to keep this in mind and focus on aboriginal people’s experiences of prison and the disadvantages that drive and result from this. An issue of contention is what we do about it do we engage in traditional white law practices or restorative justice practices(YES) (An issue of contention is really the differences of opinion about how to resolve an issue). You need to cover what knowledge and skills you would employ including relevant theoretical frameworks. Strengths based and ant-oppressive framework Try to keep this in mind and focus on aboriginal people’s experiences of prison and the disadvantages that drive and result from this. Ultimately in this essay we want you to be able to think about diverse groups of people and their experiences and think about ways of working with diversity. (This is for your Reference Critically examining and understanding difference: 1. Demographics and key features of the particular group Aboriginal indigenous Australians in Australian society (What information do I need to know about this group?) 2. Historical and current day perspectives, policies and practices affecting this group (Aboriginal indigenous Australians ) 3. How many indigenous Australians were incarcerated in period 2020-2021? 4. What has changed over the years in relation to this group? What are KEY CONTEMPORARY Issues ) 5. Central beliefs, views and perspectives (if relevant) (What are the key characteristics, ., what differentiates this group from others?) (Aboriginal indigenous Australians) 6. Potential issues of contention or challenges for this group in relation to Australian systems (What are the major issues faced in terms of for example, health, welfare, education, housing, law, income support?), and perceptions of responsibility and obligation (such as the role of the government and human services practice) in relation to this group. Working across difference: 7. Key theoretical frameworks/approaches and research for working/intervening or engaging with this group – cover specific and relevant theoretical frameworks/ approaches to this group. You need to cover what knowledge and skills you would employ (this could cover engagement, relationship building, particular interventions etc, for example, you could employ a strengths-based approach). 8. Implications for current policy directions, and for practice (What needs improving or challenging in the current context?), as well as for the practitioner responding to this group in a professional capacity (. consider your own values, assumptions, worldview – how could this impact on your professional capacity with this particular group?) CRITERIA & MARKING 1. Understanding difference: Clear identification and explanation of the groups’ demographics; key features; historical and current day perspectives; policies and practices affecting this group; central beliefs, views and perspectives (if relevant); and potential issues of contention or challenges for this group in relation to Australian systems 2. Working across difference: Identification of relevant and key theoretical frameworks/approaches and research for working/intervening or engaging with this group; implications for policy, resourcing and practice ) Please use these references plus others References Royal commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody 1987 Australian Bureau of Statistics. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Prisoners in Australia, 2021 Canberra: ABS, UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples | Australian Human Rights Commission. (.). Report of the UN Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples on her visit to Australia 2017. (8 .). UN Human Rights Council. Universal Declaration of Human Rights | United Nations. (.). Bennett, B., Zubrzycki, J., & Bacon, V. (2011). What do we know? The experiences of social workers working alongside Aboriginal people. Australian Social Work, 64(1), 20–37. Social Justice and Native Title Reports | Australian Human Rights Commission. (.). Indigenous Deaths in Custody: Report Summary Mental Health Council of Australia. Not for service: experiences of injustice and despair in mental health care in Australia. Canberra: Mental Health Council of Australia. Atkinson, J, Nelson, J, Brooks, R, et al (2014) Addressing individual trauma and transgenerational trauma. In: Dudgeon, P, Milroy, H, Walker, R (eds) Working Together: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Mental Health and Wellbeing Principles and Practice. Canberra, ACT, Australia: Commonwealth of Australia, pp. 289–306. Carr, WA, Baker, AN, Cassidy, JJ (2020) Diagnostic moderators of the risk-recidivism relationship for offenders with mental illness. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 65: 1756–1774. Dean, K, Green, MJ, Laurens, KR, et al (2018) The impact of parental mental illness across the full diagnostic spectrum on externalising and internalising vulnerabilities in young offspring. Psychological Medicine 48: 2257–2263. Stewart, A, Ogilvie, JM, Thompson, C, et al (2020) Lifetime prevalence of mental illness and incarceration: An analysis by gender and Indigenous status. Australian Journal of Social Issues 56: 244–268. Lau, P., Marion, C., Blow, R., & Thomson, Z. (2012). Healing for aboriginal and torres strait islander australians at risk with the justice system: A programme with wider implications?: Healing with indigenous australians at risk with the justice Behaviour and Mental Health, 22(5), 297-302. rg/