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In this assignment you will be applying what you have learned about epidemiology, study design, estimating risk, and associations and causality to literature related to an identified practice knowledge gap that you will be using for your DNP project. The assignment has three components which are identified below in the assignment criteria. You are to present your findings in a formal paper using APA format. You will also submit pdf versions of your articles along with your paper Assignment Criteria: 1. Topic – Improper patient transfer from to operating room to the intensive care unit due to lack of a proper handoff checklist. a. (20 points) State your practice knowledge gap – this can be an area where practice has not caught up to the state of the science or best practices or it can be an area of your practice where the outcomes for your patients do not seem to be matching the outcomes seen in the literature. You may also want to identify a practice from the literature that seems promising for the population that you are working with that you would like to employ and evaluate for your DNP project. b. (10 points) Identify the population for your practice knowledge gap. (Adults, children, men, women, a race or ethnic group. Be specific about the population.) 2. Identify two articles from the current literature that are related to your identified practice knowledge gap and your population of interest. a. (20 points) State how these articles relate to your practice knowledge gap and why you selected them. 3. Analyze each article using the criteria below: a. (5 points) What would we call the study design in Epi 6300 language (what is the study design)? b. (5 points) What is/are the outcome(s) of interest(the dependent variable(s))? c. (5 points) What is/are the exposure(s) of interest(the independent variable(s))? d. (5 points) What methods are used to measure the exposure(s) and outcome(s)? e. (10 points) How well does the study and discussion help support causal inference for the exposure under study? (Use the Hill Criteria) f. (20 points) Discuss the results of the study. i. How strong is the association or effect? ii. Identify any effect modification if it is present. How do you know this? iii. Identify any confounding variables. How did the researchers deal with confounding? iv. Identify any bias noted in your studies. How did the researchers deal with identified biases? g. (10 points) How generalizable are the results of the study? Defend your answer. h. (10 points) Are there any ethical issues presented by the study? If so, how did the researchers deal with those concerns? 4. (20 points) Based on your analysis of the studies, will you use them to support your DNP project? Why or why not? 5. (10 points) Adherence to APA style and page length of the paper (no more than 10 pages excluding references and articles).