Assignent Solutionnurs

Critically evaluate the evidence for this statement and describe the possible brain mechanism(s) that might underlie the effect. Please refer to evidence provided from both animal models and human studies. Early life stress has been associated with increased propensity towards substance use disorder. What changes to the stress systems in the brain might lead to this vulnerability?
HPA-axis, amygdala and prefrontal cortex seem to be the main components involve in stress. How do these 3 brain mechanisms influence the reward system which may increase the propensity of substance use disorder.
It would be best to have a paragraph for evidence for human studies (how human early life stress is associated with substance use disorder). One on animal studies. Then, procefjked with the rest touching on brain mechanisms.