4. Explain, with specific examples, how abnormal regulation or action of aldoste


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4. Explain, with specific examples, how abnormal regulation or action of aldosterone can lead
to hypertension. You should list at least three clinical conditions that result from abnormal
regulation of the action of aldosterone.
ANSWER (about 400-500 words):
5. CKD also causes hypertension due to widespread endothelial dysfunction. Describe and
discuss 2 different mechanisms by which CKD is associated with widespread endothelial
dysfunction (nitric oxide deficiency).
ANSWER (about 400-500 words):
6. Eventually APOL-1 was identified as a gene that puts African Americans at risk for certain
types of renal disease. Was there selection pressure for this gene? If so, what was it?
ANSWER (about 400-500 words):
7.Discuss three different mechanisms which contribute to the pathogenesis of salt-sensitive
hypertension and indicate potential interactions between theluvse mechanisms.
ANSWER (about 400-500 words):

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