Assignent Solutionnurs

Respond by Day 5 to at least one of your classmate’ postings in one or more of the following ways:
Ask a probing question.
Share an insight from having read your colleague’s posting.
Offer and support an opinion.
Validate an idea with your own experience.
Make a suggestion.
Expand on your colleague’s posting.
Amber Discussion 1 – Week 2
The DSM-V is a classification system to assist in the diagnosis of mental disorders and is organized by types of disorder and diagnostic category such as neurodevelopmental disorders, depressive disorders, anxiety disorders and on. Diagnostic categories are grouped in a fashion that disorders with pre and comorbidities with other disorders are in proximity to each other. An example of this is the placement of bipolar and related disorders which is between schizophrenia spectrum and psychotic disorders and depressive disorders. Bipolar disorder typically demonstrates symptoms of both neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia as well as internalized emotional disorders such as depressive disorder. By placing bipolar disorders in proximity to related disorders in the substructure of the DSM-V, it assists clinicians in diagnosis (Regier et al., 2013). In addition to DSM codes, an ICD-1 or ICD-11 code is also listed to help with clarification of the WHO’s disease classification system. Within diagnostic categories, specific disorders of that category are expanded where there are specifiers and subtypes which “delineate phenomenological variants of a disorder” to increase diagnostic specificity (Regier et al., 2013). Subtypes can be both mutually exclusive or jointly exhaustive while specifiers are not intended to be mutually exclusive or jointly exhaustive, resulting in multiple specifiers being able to be applied to one diagnosis (APA, 2022).
Within each disorder, the following dimensions are usually provided: recording procedures, subtypes/specifiers, diagnostic features, associated features, prevalence, development/course, risk/prognostic features, culture-related diagnostic issues, gender-related diagnostic issues, diagnostic markers, differential diagnosis, comorbidity, and relationship to other classifications. Categories such as culture-related diagnostic issues may not appear for all disorders. However, diagnostic criteria, diagnostic features, associated features, development/course, differential diagnosis, and risk/prognostic factors are key components and are present for all disorders. Diagnostic criteria are an overview of the symptoms that must be present for an individual to be diagnosed with the disorder. In this section is where it will be noted if subtypes or specifiers should be included. The diagnostic criteria describe the symptoms of the disorder, how often they occur, and the number of symptoms that must be present for an individual to satisfy the diagnostic criteria.
The DSM-5 has unique strengths due to its revision and has “broader clustering among groups of diagnostic categories” simplifying the diagnosis process (Regier et al., 2013). One of the most prominent changes is the removal of the multiaxial system, which caused confusion among practitioners around the world. Discontinuation of the multiaxial system allowed the DSM-5 to now harmonize its classification structure and format to its counterpart, the ICD-10 (Ginter, 2014). This change drastically simplified the process of utilizing the DSM-5 for health professionals in general medicine who are familiar with the ICD-10 and its format. A possible limitation was identified by Ginter (2014) that as psychiatry becomes more integrated in the medical world as a “medical classification”, importance may shift from psychosocial factors to biological factors in mental disorders.
References
American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders
(5th ed., text rev.).
Ginter, G. (2014). DSM-5 conceptual changes: Innovations, limitations, and clinical
implications. The Professional Counselor, 4(3), 179-190.
Regier, D., Kuhl, E., & Kupfer, D. (2013). The DSM-5: Classification and criteria changes.
World Psychiatry, 12(2), 92-98.