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Case Questions: 1. Given Nadia’s family history of breast cancer, the gene mutation is a likely predictor of a future cancer diagnosis. Using the deontological approach, what points or questions would you consider as you discuss the ethical considerations in informing Nadia of the mutation despite the fact that the focus of the trial was hematologic disorders? 2. One of your colleagues argues against telling Nadia, at least until after the clinical trial has ended, on the basis that Nadia has shown no signs or symptoms of breast cancer, and this may cause her undue stress, not to mention influence the trial results. How is this colleague demonstrating paternalism? 3. Another colleague points out that no specific consent has been provided or requested if the presence of any other disease processes is found through the testing and wonders if informing Nadia would reveal that the trial failed to adequately address informed consent. What is the purpose of informed consent and how would you respond to this colleague? 4. As the discussion begins to circle back to causing Nadia undue stress and concern. What principle of autonomy should you use to diffuse your colleagues’ position? 5. Nadia’s situation created a concern within the group that as the trial continued, additional issues might arise. Thus, the group needs a consistent, systematic method for acting when confronted with ethical dilemmas. How can the mnemonic ETHICAL be used as a framework for this group?